It is unclear when humans began to domesticate wolves. However, there is evidence of domesticated dogs as far back as 14,200 years ago. The Bonn-Oberkassel dog found in Germany was buried alongside a man in his 40s and a woman in her 20s. The dog was only 27 to 28 weeks old at the time of its death.
What's interesting to note about the discovery is that the dog suffered severe oral cavity lesions starting at 19 weeks of age. The dog would have most likely needed daily assistance and would have been unable to serve any utilitarian purpose. We can infer from the discovery that humans had already developed emotional bonds with dogs by this time.
As for the domestication of wolves, I found an interesting passage from Steven R. Lindsay's Handbook of Applied Dog Behavior and Training:
“One widely held theory of domestication suggests that wolf pups may have been taken from their mothers and reared by humans in an effort to tame them. Studies of captive wolves have shown pronounced taming effects resulting from such early socialization period that raised in close association with people. Young and Goldman (1944/1964) collected numerous reports concerning the taming and practical use of wolves by both Native Americans and settlers. The authors noted early on that the best benefits of socialization occur when socialization is initiated shortly after a pup’s eyes open. John Fentress (1967) successfully socialized a hand-reared wolf named Lupey from 4 weeks of age... Lupey was very affectionate and playful toward both humans and dogs but unpredictable or predatory toward small animals. He killed his first chicken by the time he was 13 weeks of age. Although involved in several incidents where intense threat and defensive displays were exhibited, Fentress did not report any serious attacks occurring during his 3 years of observations, underscoring the important role of familiarity, affection, and trust for the inhibition of aggressive behavior.”
Source: Source: Lindsay, Steven R. Handbook of Applied Dog Behavior and Training. Iowa State University Press, 2000.
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