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The Battle of Berlin (16 April - 2 May 1945)
On this day, 78 years ago, the Battle of Berlin began. The Battle of Berlin was one of the last major offensives of the Second World War in Europe, and was mainly fought between the Wehrmacht and the Red Army.
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During the first months of 1945, the Red Army had made a swift advance on the Eastern front towards Berlin. On 9 March, the Germans established a defence plan for the city of Berlin, called Operation Clausewitz. The Germans gathered all the people available (including elderly, women and children) to defend the city. Goebbels tried to boost the German morale, convincing them that the battle was not lost. A.H. together with other German generals were hiding in a bunker in the centre of Berlin. On 16 April, the Soviets resumed their offensive and attacked Berlin from multiple sides. Meanwhile, the Western Allies had crossed the Rhine in Western Germany and also advanced towards Berlin. For the Soviets it was extremely important that they captured Berlin before the Americans arrived, e.g. to gain access to important German files and to gain a better negotiating position after the war.
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On 20 April, on A.H.'s 56th birthday, the Soviets encircled the city and started shelling Berlin's centre. The Red Army outnumbered and outmanoeuvred the German defences and eventually broke through into the city centre. Here, the Germans and the Red Army soldiers fought bloody street-to-street battles with snipers, machine guns and anti-tank weaponry in buildings. Flamethrowers, grenades, and artillery shells were utilized to wipe the enemy out of buildings. Meanwhile A.H. had lost all sense of reality, trying to move army groups that did not exist anymore. On 30 April, he committed s*icide. On 2 May, the Red Army controlled the Reichstag, on which the soldiers planted the Soviet flag on the roof of the building in the famous picture. This marks the Fall of Berlin. On 7 May, the Germans officially surrendered.
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