German-American farmer John Meints of Luverne, Minnesota, was tarred and feathered during World War I for allegedly not supporting war bond drives.

German-American farmer John Meints of Luverne, Minnesota, was tarred and feathered during World War I for allegedly not supporting war bond drives.

Tarring and feathering is a form of public humiliation punishment where the victim would be stripped naked, or stripped to the waist.

Wood tar (sometimes hot) was then either poured or painted onto the person while they were immobilized. The victim then either had feathers thrown on them or was rolled around on a pile of feathers so that they stuck to the tar.

It has been used as a form of vigilante justice, political retribution, or a means of enforcing social norms in various parts of the world. The practice is considered cruel and degrading and is widely condemned

These photographs record the plight of German-American farmer John Meints, who was tarred and feathered on the night of August 19, 1918 in Luverne, Minn., under suspicion of being insufficiently loyal to the United States. Like some other German-Americans threatened during the war, he had refused to participate in a war bond drive to his neighbors’ satisfaction. (Unlike miner Robert Prager, lynched in Collinsville, Illinois, in 1918, Meints escaped with his life.)

This particular vigilante practice is perhaps most commonly associated with the American Revolution, when patriots tarred and feathered British officials and loyalists. Historian Benjamin H. Irvin writes that tarring-and-feathering became so popular during the conflict that colonists developed several different variations on the practice. They occasionally tarred and feathered property rather than people, or, in the case of one group of women, used molasses and “the downy tops of the flags that grew in the meadow” (probably milkweed fluff) as a symbolic equivalent.

The group that kidnapped Meints from his home in 1918, drove him to the South Dakota-Minnesota border, whipped him, applied tar and feathers, and ordered him out of the state, may have been using this practice as an explicit reference to the Revolutionary period.

Meints, not willing to let this indignity slide, named and sued 32 of the perpetrators. (He submitted these photographs as evidence in his case.) He asked for $100,000 in damages, but his case was dismissed. The Minneapolis Tribune reported that Judge Wilbur F. Booth told the jury before its deliberations:

The evidence was overwhelming in support of the contention that Meintz was disloyal and that there was a strong feeling against him in the community.

Indeed, when the defendants returned to Luverne, the Tribune reported, the whole town turned out to celebrate.

Meints appealed, and eventually settled out of court for $6,000.

Twentieth-century tarring and feathering persisted in isolated pockets in the United States, with the KKK amongst its enthusiasts. And in France, some women suspected of fraternizing with German soldiers were subjected to the practice upon liberation.

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