Today in History: Shocking photo of Joan Wills

This shocking picture shows Joan Wills screaming as she comes within range of a zone in the water electrified by the "Neptune's Fork' held by Henry T. Burkey in Hollywood, Calif., where he lives, Aug. 22, 1952.

Burkey, an electrical engineer, designed the gadget for use by victims of shipwrecks of air crashes over shark-infested waters. The device consists of two electrodes connected to batteries in the waterproof handle. The electrodes create an electrified zone in the water to repel attacking fish. He says the device is shockproof to the user.

Electric shock drowning is a term used in the US to describe a cause of death that occurs when swimmers are exposed to electric currents in the water. In some cases the shock itself is fatal, since the person will suffocate when their diaphragm is paralyzed, while in others it incapacitates the swimmer causing them to drown. The main cause of electric shock drownings is faulty electrical wiring on boats or piers that causes electric current to leak into the water. Electric shock drownings occur most often in fresh water, which is conductive due to dissolved minerals and impurities. The increased conductivity of saltwater reduces the fraction of the electric current that flows through a submerged person, whose body has a much smaller conductivity than the saltwater. In this case, the current to cause electric shock drowning would be so great that current-limiting circuit breakers would trip and shut off the current, thereby protecting against electric shock drowning in saltwater.

Sometimes Electric Shock Drowning is referred to as ESD but this should not be used, as it can be confused with the IEC defined term for Electrostatic discharge (ESD). For some reason, the accident type is prevalent only in the USA

There is no visible warning to electrified water. Swimmers will be able to feel the electricity if the current is substantial. If the swimmers notice any unusual tingling feeling or symptoms of electrical shock, it is highly likely that stray currents exist and everyone needs to get out. Swimmers should always swim away from the suspected current source. In most cases this means swimming away from piers and boats and toward another safer portion of the shoreline.

Once the victim is safely on shore, first aid may be needed. Treatment depends on the specifics of each case, but is likely some combination of the treatments for electrocution and drowning individually. Even if the victim seems well, examination by healthcare professional is recommended as latent effects from the electricity may be undetected.

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